Persuasive Speech Steve Jobs - 1380 Words

Clever Title Steve Jobs, the creator of Apple, Pixar, and NeXT says, â€Å"The only way to do great work is to love what you do† during the June 12, 2005, Stanford University commencement address. Jobs gives a speech about his life and the hardships he experienced to further motivate the college graduates to reach their dreams by doing what they love and to succeed even as they get knocked down. Jobs tells the audience. â€Å"Your time is limited,† meaning that, when doing something they love, they must keep at it because time is of the essence, and life is too short to hate doing whatever they do or are going to do every day. Taking the audience through the events of his life, Jobs speaks with a humorous and hopeful tone. Steve Jobs successfully†¦show more content†¦Lastly, Jobs describes his life philosophy, saying â€Å"Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life,† meaning that he would live his life doing what he likes, not what others like. Jobs impresses and convinces the audience through logic, pulling them in. This allows the graduates to be inspired to take ahold of life. Additionally, in hopes to create an emotional connection between the audience, Jobs tells deeply personal stories. He explains how life is about connecting the dots. Through this story, Jobs talks about his youth from his adoption to his parents trying to afford to send him to Reed College. Through Jobs creating a sense of honesty and a sense of empathy, the students and audience start to begin seeing Jobs as a real person. After creating that sense, Jobs makes the students feel outraged after hearing his story about dropping out, building Apple, and then hearing about how he got fired from his own job.This leaves the audience questions like, â€Å"How could that happen to a man like him? Then Jobs leaves them feeling fearful of their own mortality after hearing about Jobs road with cancer. After having the graduates in the palms of his hands, Jobs leaves them with a message that he did not have an easy beginning very much like the other graduates and that this message will be with them forever as they overcome obstacles to success. Also, Jobs uses particular words andShow MoreRelatedSteve Jobs Stanford Commencement Speech Analysis1394 Words   |  6 PagesSteve Jobs’ Stanford Commencement Speech: Speak from the Heart A- Speaker and Subject Identification. When technology, innovative and new products subjects is brought up, a few names come to mind. Between these names is that of Steve Jobs, the founder of Pixar Animation, NeXT, and Apple, Steve Jobs, was widely known for changing the world of personal computers and electronic fields. His determination led to significant developments that have affected the lives of everyone of us. There is no denyingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Steve Jobs Commencement Speech929 Words   |  4 PagesHarmon 1 A Rhetorical Analysis of Steve Jobs Commencement Speech for Stanford Universitys Graduating Class of 2005: Jobs titled his speech Youve got to find what you love. Steve Jobs is best known as an American entrepreneur, inventor and industrial designer. He was the cofounder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. and founder, CEO and chairman of Pixar Animation Studios. Jobs and cofounder of Apple Inc. Steve Wozniak are wildly recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970sRead MoreWhat to Do with a Ba in History1395 Words   |  6 Pagespersonal examples, Adams fails to be as convincing as Saxon because Saxon uses more objective evidence, is open-minded, and uses a more inspiring tone which establishes strong pathos. In â€Å"How to Get a Real Education at College†, Scott Adams does a fair job of establishing ethos. He uses his business experience in college as the basis of his evidence. For example, he worked at the Coffee House as the minister of finance, designed a plan to become student manager of his dormitory, and even started a soccerRead MoreThe Communication Skills, Style And Effectiveness Of Different Famous Personalities2015 Words   |  9 PagesAfrica’s president in 1994 and retired in 1999. At the age of 95, he died on 5th December, 2013 due to lung infection. In honour of Nelson Mandela, 18th July is celebrated as Mandela Day for the promotion of global peace. †¢ From List B: Steve Jobs (Apple) Steve Jobs born on 24th February, 1955 in California was an American Businessman, inventor and marketer. He was the co-founder of Apple Corporation founded on 1st April, 1979 and also served as CEO and chairman of this company. He was also the co-founderRead MoreThe Five Practices Of Effective Leaders Essay2023 Words   |  9 Pagesqualities and traits that enable them to lead a group of people. One entrepreneur that was able to become a very successful and influential leader was Steve Jobs. He was a savvy businessman, inventor, co-founder, and CEO of Apple Incorporated. He was adopted from birth on February 24, 1955 where he was born and raised in San Francisco, California. Jobs briefly attended Reed College in 1972 and then dropped out. In 1976, he co-founded Apple, which led to the creation of the products such as iTunes, AppleRead MoreInformative Speech Outline2182 Words   |  9 Pageswithout stating to whom these ideas or statements belong to. A student suspected of plagiarism can be given a zero mark, and possibly fail the entire course. Assessment: Impromptu speech 10% Informative speech (15% speech, 5% outline) 20% Show and Tell Poster Session (10% speech, 10% poster) 20% Assignment : Group Interaction 10% Final Examination 40% __________________________________________________________________ Total 100% Read MoreSteve Jobs Leadership5606 Words   |  23 PagesLeadership Theory 2.3 Transactional Leadership Theory 3.0 Application of Tranformational Theory to Steve Jobs’s Leadership 4.0 Application of Transactional Theory to Steve Jobs’s leadership 5.0 Application of Hershey Blanchard Theory to Steve Jobs leadership 6.0 Application of Path-Goal Theory to Steve Jobs’s leadership 7.0 Steve Jobs as a Charismatic leader 8.0 Uniqueness of Steve Jobs leadership 9.0 Conclusion Executive Summary Leadership style has an impact on all aspectsRead MoreEveryone’S Had Their Own Go At How Labour And The Greens1458 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Obama surveyed the smouldering wreckage of the campaign in an interview with Rolling Stone. Obama recognised the problem when he highlighted the need for Democrats to â€Å"rethink our storytelling†¦ [and] make it more entertaining and more persuasive.† He’s right. We don’t have to worry about whether one kind of politics has more facts in it than the other. We are in the world of where politics always should be: the stuff that dreams are made of. Storytelling has been the most effective formRead MoreSpeech Outline On Nuclear And Mechanical Engineering2827 Words   |  12 PagesUnderwood From: Yakob Kassa Communications 1101 Baccalaureate of Science in Nuclear and Mechanical Engineering Idaho State University Re: Submission of persuasive speech outline The speech outline has been done following the sample outline for persuasive speech in principles of speech course supplement book on page 147 and implementing the persuasive skeleton outline format on page 146. The table of content will help navigate through the outline if you click on the desired section. Regards, YakobRead MoreSpeech to Inform8146 Words   |  33 PagesSpeech To Inform Speech to inform:Euro-2012 In April 2007, Ukraine and Poland were named co-hosts for Euro 2012 tournament. This joint bid, taking into account Ukraines tough economic condition and administration problems, has become a headache for UEFA President Michel Platini. The matches will be staged at eight venues, divided between the co-host countries. Ukraine is behind the schedule, having problems with modernization of airports, roads, and rail networks. As a co-host country, Poland seems

Students Go to University After Graduating from High School or Go to Work Free Essays

It is probably true that students who go directly from high school to university or college do not get too many benefits. Consequently, some assert that students should take a job or go travelling before starting their university lives, which I fully agree with. First, those who go to university after one or two years work, get work experience and earn salaries. We will write a custom essay sample on Students Go to University After Graduating from High School or Go to Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consequently in some western countries, most undergraduate students pay their tuition fees by themselves. For example, for students who work in Starbucks, one of the benefits of having a job there is that they make lots of friends and get a wage at the same time. This experience is valuable. Perhaps when they graduate from their respective universities, they have a much higher possibility of getting jobs. Similarly to go travelling in the real world is not a bad choice either. Some would like to travel abroad, so that they enjoy sharing experiences with local people. They can share with other people observations with foreigners from different cultural positions when they are travelling in a different city or a foreign country. They never get this real life experience in the university. Nevertheless, most undergraduate students would still like to go directly from high school to university. It is a process of studying step by step. From primary school to university, they get knowledge only from the courses they take and many think,that just as the old saying goes that† Knowledge is power†, so they believe they still have some benefit. To sum up, both alternatives have their advantages, but I support the idea that students are better to take a job or to go travelling before going to university. (281words) How to cite Students Go to University After Graduating from High School or Go to Work, Essay examples

Renal System Physiology free essay sample

If the blood vessels in the kidneys are damaged, they may stop removing wastes and extra fluid from the body. The extra fluid in the blood vessels may then raise blood pressure even more. Its a dangerous cycle. 12. Briefly explain what will happen to the glomerular capillary pressure and glomerular filtration rate if both the afferent and efferent arteriole radius is decreased? Explain!!! (3 points) ? The simultaneously implementation of both arteriole rates changing caused glomerular filtration rate and low blood pressure conditions went above the baseline value. 13. How could an increased urine volume be viewed as beneficial to the body? (2 points) ? It removes toxins from the body. 14. Diuretics are often prescribed to patients with chronic high blood pressure. Why? (2 points) ? For high blood pressure, diuretics, commonly known as water pills, help your body get rid of unneeded water and salt through the urine. Getting rid of excess salt and fluid helps lower blood pressure and can make it easier for your heart to pump. We will write a custom essay sample on Renal System Physiology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 15. What will happen to the urine volume and concentration as the solute gradient (concentration) in the interstitial space is increased? Explain!!! (3 points) ? It increases because ADH causes water to move out of urine and the more solute there is the more concentrated the urine. 16. Speculate on ways that desert rats are able to concentrate their urine significantly more than humans? (Think: Hormones) (2 points) ? They probably produce more ADH to get all the water possible from the urine as there is not a lot of water in the desert. 17. What would be a reasonable mechanism for diuretics? (2 points) ? They act by diminishing sodium reabsorption at different sites in the nephron, thereby increasing urinary sodium and water loss. 8. What will happen to the glucose concentration in the urinary bladder as glucose carriers are added to the proximal tubule? Explain!!! (2 points) ? Glucose concentration in the urine decreased because the carriers were able to get the glucose across. 19. Predict what will happen to the urine volume (compared to normal) when aldosterone is added to the distal tubule. Explain!!! (2 points) Predict what will happen to the urine volume (compare to normal) when ADH is added to the collecting duct. Explain!!! (2 points) Urine concentration increases, and urine volume decreases because it causes the body to absorb water from the urine. Predict what will happen to the urine volume and the urine concentration (compared to normal) in the presence of both aldosterone and ADH. Explain!!! (2 points) They both have similar effects, they are agonist so adding both will decrease urine volume, and increase urine concentration. ADH increases water permeability and aldosteron reabsorbs sodium ions and water but loses potassium ions. Why does alcohol consumption lead to a dramatic increase in urine production? (2 points) Because the proximal tubule reabsorbs more water which accounts for increase urine production. Why do angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors given to people with hypertension lead to increased urine production. (Hint: think what ACE is doing and its effects on arterioles) (4 points) ACE inhibitors dilate blood vessels and increase the amount of water your kidneys get rid of, lowering blood pressure. 4

Why UC Admissions Rates Are Hurting Applicants

Every March, anxiety levels start to rise amongst high school students, as college decisions start to roll in. And come April 1st, most decisions become final. Specific numbers start to become more apparent, like acceptance rates, average test scores, and average grade point averages. These helpful metrics aid future applicants and educators, as they can start to understand what’s necessary to get into college.This year, however, a California state audit revealed that thousands of out-of-state students were admitted to UC System schools with lower test scores and GPAs. Almost 30% of admitted students, or around 16,000 students, over the past few years were done so using a lower standard of entry. Is this threshold a coincidence? The 116-page report points to the fact that out-of-state students pay nearly three times the tuition that in-state students do - a gap of almost $25,000 per year. What does that mean for current and future in-state UC System applicants? Over the past five years, the UC System has seen a steadily growing number of applicants, rising every year - but the enrollment numbers stay the same. With the number of non-residents rising as well, California students feel displaced. University of California school officials responded, citing facts that the audit didn’t cover. The increased money brought in from out-of-state student tuition has, in fact, avoided a tuition hike for Californians. UC President Janet Napolitano said that the in-state tuition could have faced an increase of almost 20% had it not been for increased enrollment. Ultimately, the University of California schools are some of the best and most competitive in the United States. With state funding for education running low, the schools are trying to provide ways to maintain the high standards they currently have in place. But at what cost? Should California students be prioritized, or should the UC System continue to increase the number of admitted non-resident students? If youre looking to help your students with the college admissions process, search through our database of successfully admitted students. See their scores, grades, essays, and more, and help take the stress out of college admissions. Chat with a real college student for one-on-one help.

International Business Machines Corporation

International Business Machines Corporation Introduction The International Business Machines Corporation is among the largest U.S. technology and consulting corporations. It provides software and hardware and consults other companies with recommendations on improving technological design. The company has a well-developed corporate responsibility philosophy that is confined to several aspects.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on International Business Machines Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To begin with, IMB managers define new options and apply those to a number of societal problems. The company also assesses programs to gain the maximum results. It also pays attention to enhancing employees’ motivation, as well as provides new approaches and techniques to improving their communities. Finally, integrating corporate citizenship and responsibility is another integral part of the company’s philosophy because it allows the company ’s managers to develop a comprehensive method to correspond to the values of global enterprise. Cultural diversity and generational differences are also included into such values. The main purpose of this paper is to define the main demographic characteristics of the company through analysis of reports and related documents. It is also necessary to define the ratio of types of generations, including Traditionalists, Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials. In addition, the paper seeks to highlight the programs and strategies that the company has implemented to manage the challenge of generational differences and introduce alternatives to make diversity an advantage for the company. Main Discussion Historic Background The company’s diversity history dates back at the end of nineteenth century when the Computing Scale Company, one of the company that later became the part of the IBM, hired Richard McGregor, an African American, along with Nettie Moore, Emma Manske, and Li lly Philip. All these employees had been hired long before Lincoln introduced the Emancipation Proclamations, as well as women’s right to vote. In the course of the history, IBM has gradually been introducing the diversity policy – beginning with the creation of the training center for people with physical and mental impairments and ending with the company’s attention to the right equality of sexual minorities.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, cultural acceptance, tolerance, equal opportunities, and diversity are standing at the core of the company’s creation. This company’s explicit commitment provides it with a wider picture of the opportunities it can take advantage of at the global arena. IBM’s employment policies were not confined to meeting the diversity needs of employees. Rather, the company never gave up introducing new training programs for their workers to acquire new skills and enrich their experience. In 1932-33, Watson decided to augment the company’s inventory and expand the manufacturing capacity instead of hiring new personnel and dismissing the old one. By raising wages and introducing the retraining programs, the employees were highly motivated to increase their performance of the organization. Consideration of social and a pension scheme was also on the agenda and by 1945, the company formed a pension system despite deep economic crisis in the country. Therefore, the program introduced in 1930s â€Å"†¦reflected IBM’s commitment to retrain, rather than lay off, workers, and to promote from within the company’s own ranks† (Stebenne, 2005, p. 56). The no-layoff policy for the employees has now been followed over fifty years. Such a system is also called welfare capitalism which involves creation of exclusive benefits systems embodying an d meeting employees’ needs, problems, and concerns. More importantly, the employment policy has given foundation for considering generational differences and facing the challenging of globalization. Diversity, therefore, is the core task that IBM examines to improve organizational structure and performance. It also contributes greatly to a competitive advantage of a firm. Further development of diversity policies lead to the emergence of Equal Opportunity legislation, or Diversity 1.0 that was followed by Diversity 2.0 in 90s of the past century.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on International Business Machines Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The final program – Diversity 3.0, was introduced take advantage of generational differences and build effective teams to achieve the best results and meet customers’ needs (IBM, 2010). Perceiving differences as an advantage has been the first step toward building a successful corporation, as well as predicting the outcomes of the globalization process. Presenting Information on Company’s Attitude to Generational Differences Technological advances constitute the major task of IBM managers. In order to introduce innovation, the company should also pay attention to the aspect of generation difference to motivate, retrain, and improve productivity of the employees. In fact, the company acknowledges that younger generations are technologically savvy in comparison to much more experienced employees working in the companies much longer. Nevertheless, IBM industry innovator Andy McAfee in the interview states, â€Å"I’ve seen plenty of existing managers and executives and older knowledge workers jump on board very easily, but it is also true that people entering the workforce now – the Millennials – are just inherently more comfortable with †¦the tools†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (McAfee, 2011, p. 3). At the same time, the McAfee motivates Generation Y to induce new ideas, options, and opportunities, and contribute to the development of new software and hardware products. In addition, the managers realize the urgent need to face changes. Structural and managerial changes are possible through introducing new collaboration and knowledge models.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Detailed examination of generational differences provides a clear picture on the challenges and strategies that IBM adopts to solve problems. In this respect, the company has conducted research on the Generation Y presented in China marketing sector. Just like American employees encounter change, the Chinese sector should also be concerned with the facing the corresponding shifts (N-Dynamic Market Research, n. d.). Change management, therefore, comes to the forth of the company’s strategic mission and philosophy. The first stage of acknowledging changes is defining the characteristics of this generation. According to the research, this age category, born between 1980 and 1989, feels extremely comfortably utilizing high technology for global connections, social networking, and entertainment (N-Dynamic Market Research, n. d.). They also adjusted to immediate advantages that the technological world introduced to them (N-Dynamic Market Research, n. d.). Because the Generation Y, or Millennials grew up with the development of the Internet and computer, their attitudes to work considerably differ from those of older generations. According to the report, â€Å"Gen Y’s are generally resourceful, creative, flexible, quick, efficient, technologically savvy, and more problem solving and communication oriented than generations before† (N-Dynamic Market Research, n. d., p. 2). Further step of handling the new generation is to acknowledge the fact that Gen Y is a different generation with new features, but not an anomaly. What is more important is that this target audience indicates future trends of next generations’ formation. Therefore, addressing their weaknesses and strengths is crucial for facilitating information exchange and communication. Examining objectives, attitudes, and motivations of Gen Y is vital for enhancing organizational performance of the employees and creating a favorable workforce environment. Increased awareness of connect ion to company’s goals is the main concern of IBM managers should be confident in their employees’ objectives and motivations. Analysis of characteristics, particularly, negative feature, is vital. The research introduced a number of shortcomings of the Generation Y that need to be addressed. Specific emphasis has been made on their immediate change of tastes and making choices, particularly at the expense of personal contributions, extreme demand of constant feedback and collaboration. In addition, the representatives of Gen Y are not accustomed enough to single-mindedness, loyal diligence, and persistence. Finally, Millennials cannot accept criticism easily and are focused on increasing their monetary earnings. Consideration of these characteristics has highlighted a tangible gap between young and old generations, which has created significant challenges for successful work of IBM. However, the company takes this problem seriously and strives to adjust to the emergin g changes by activating the work of human resources and research and development departments. Analysis of the Proposed Programs to Manage Generational Differences Technological innovation requires greater commitment to cultural diversity. Investing into the development of IBM employees is important because it can ensure progressive improvement and approaches to managing new realities and globalized community. The program introduced by the company involves policies oriented on health and wellness, learning and development, and diversity. In the course of the history, IBM has acknowledged the significance of facilitating health reforms, as well as encouraging precaution measures among IBM employees. In particular, the company â€Å"takes an aggressive and comprehensive approach to investing in employee health and wellness, promotes workplace safety, and encourages a healthy integration of life and work† (Corporate Responsibility Report, 2009, n. p.). Within the concept of learn ing and development, over 400.000 employees are quite difficult to manage as far as skills analysis is concerned. In order to face the problem, the company seeks to deepen their relations with employees to enhance their education, development and skills with regard to the generational differences. Focus on human resources as the most powerful instrument of successful integration into the global environment is among the effective strategies implemented in the IBM. The company realizes the challenges of generational differences and, therefore, learning and development initiative fits best to meet the requirements. Finally, diversity consideration is the closest to the employment of policy of handling generational differences. Within this contexts, the company seeks â€Å"†¦to find ways to not only embrace that diversity, but use it to the benefit of the business; to better understand markets and unleash innovative creativity† (Corporate Responsibility Report, 2009, n. p.). Such a strategy allows the company for accomplishment of their goals. More importantly, it meets the objective to focus on customer behavior and satisfaction. The program oriented on handling diversity consists of six steps that have introduced considerable results. The first step involves increasing diversity competence to facilitate cultural adaptability. This measure is confined to introducing various beneficial resources and programs, including podcast and webcasts, a Cultural Adaptability Council, and Integrated Diversity and Cultural Awareness training modules (Corporate Responsibility Report, 2009). The second approach engages local thinking into global network. Enacting geographic and business units is aimed at tailoring programs in accordance with unique needs of employees. The third approach consists in extending from constituency to the company’s community. The concept of diversity should spread beyond the traditionally identified groups in order to facilitate inf ormation sharing across the company. The effort leads to creation of new communities, including Work/Life Zone Teams, Parent Company, and Global Women in Technology (Corporate Responsibility Report, 2009). Integrating programs for gaining the maximum benefit via diversity initiatives in human resources processes is another strategy that allows for effective presentation of programs. Further development of partnership between employees and their managers responds successfully to the needs of the globalized community with generational differences. Finally, employees themselves should actively be involved in defining the main constraints of cultural diversity and generational differences in the twenty-first century. The IBM company counts almost five generations of employees working with them, including silent generation, baby boomers, generation X, and generation Z, which is born in 1990s. The differences among these generations create much more challenges than geographical and cultur al differences. However, reduction of baby boomers and silent generation can lead to a tangible knowledge grain, as well as changes to the workforce. According to the research conducted by IBM Global Technology Services (2011), the largest segment of workers is composed of Millennials. In particular, almost 50 % of employees constitute Generation Y. Disparities in preferences and learning styles are highlighted among various generations and, therefore, learning leaders should not ignore age changes so as to adapt to their capabilities and needs (IBM Global Technology Services, 2011). Both older generations and younger workforce should be taken into consideration to promote collaborative problem-solving, effective social networking, and participatory techniques in achieving organizational goals. On the one hand, the company seeks to approach the generational challenges individual. On the other hand, the firm explores general strategies to meet the needs of various generations. In thi s respect, they define that â€Å"†¦millennials lean decidedly toward the smarter, technology-driven methods of learning: collaborative problem-solving; social network; organic, user-driven, participatory, anytime/anyplace informal experiences†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (IBM Global Technology Services, 2011, p. 3). Therefore, because technological devices constitute the central interest of the generation, it is possible to apply it in online role games to encourage employees to develop their collaborative, competitive, and goal-oriented skills in the workplace. Apart from technological devices, learning modules should also strike the balance between the virtual space exercises and real environment. In other words, virtual space in combination with a traditional learning environment can reach the company’s objectives and provide a powerful foundation for facing external competition. In 2008, the company’s Academy of Technology world summit introduced a practical testing to def ine how new skills in virtual interaction can contribute a favorable learning environment (IBM Global Technology Services, 2011). The experiment involved virtual space sought to encourage the participant to apply interactive and creative techniques and take advantage of the option provided by online space. Since then, numerous meetings have been conducted via online channels. All the meetings were conducted individually to trace possible improvements, challenges, and problems. Further advances in managing generational differences were connected with the analysis of the way technical leaders handle diverse team. By using three-dimensional collaborative tools, they invited participants to brainstorming sessions, which resulted in successful analysis of skills, as well as problems that need to be addressed. Interactive capabilities are further applied within the company to meet the global challenges and foster global cooperation. Shifts from individual learning to collaborative learnin g assist in delivering a more socially connected community and creates highest business results. The chief executive officers of IBM strive to make learning organization smarter as well as develop a technology supported and people-led system of control. Conclusion Long history of IBM development reflects a complicated path toward advancement of employment policies. Specifically, the company’s focus has always been made on enhancing employees’ value, respecting cultural diversity, and managing generational differences. The latter is of especially importance for the company’s executives because it provides significant challenges for the organization to adjust to the global competition and create a favorable image of the international corporation. In particular, IBM is extremely concerned with recent changes, problems, and advances related to managing generational differences effectively. Special attention is given to Generation Y, or Millennials that cover the gre atest segment of the company’s employees. Despite that fact, the company takes efforts to present equal opportunities to other generations working with the organization. In response to the challenges, the company launches a series of programs and learning modules that would engage all generations into the working process. The legislatures initiated at the beginning of the twentieth century resulted in further development of strategies aimed at enhancing cooperative capacities of the personnel and engage older generations into managing technological innovations. Apart from considering Millennials, the company also pays closer attention to Generation Z who are born in the 90s of the past century. The importance of managing this generation and solving problems is enormous because can provide future perspective for developing sophisticated approaches for managing future generations. Overall, the company has managed to face the challenges of generational differences and create the approach to building management strategies. References Corporate Responsibility Report (2009). Investing in the IBMer. Web. Corporate Responsibility Report (2010). Employee Diversity. IBM. Web. IBM (2010). Diversity 3.0. Web. IBM (n. d.). Responsibilities at IBM. Web. IBM Global Technology Services (2011). Innovative Learning Strategies for the Smarter Enterprise: Addressing Generational, Globalization, and Cost and Speed Challenges. pp. 1-10. Web. McAfeee, A. (2011). Conversations with Industry Innovators. IBM Video Transcript. Web. N-Dynamic Market Research. (n. d.). Collaborating with Gen-Y: Leveraging Generational Insight to Build the Best Workplace for Gen-Y in China. Research Institute. 1-42. Web. Stebenne, D. L. (2005). IBMsâ€Å"New Deal†: Employment Policies of the International Business Machines Corporation, 1933–1956. Journal Of The Historical Society, 5(1), 47-77.

A Cray SuperComputer Comes to the University of To Essays

A Cray SuperComputer Comes to the University of Toronto By Andrew Reeves-Hall The Cray X-MP/22 manufactured by Cray Research Incorporated (CRI) of Minneapolis, Minnesota was delivered and installed at the U of Toronto this September. The Cray is a well respected computer - mainly for its extremely fast rate of mathematical floating-pointcalculation. As the university states in its July/August computer magazine "ComputerNews", the Cray's "level of performance should enable researchers with large computational requirements at the university of Toronto and other Ontario universities to compete effectively against the best in the world in their respective fields." The Cray X-MP/22 has two Central Processing Units (CPUs) - the first '2' in the '22'. The Cray operates at a clock rate of 105 MHz (the regular, run-of-the-mill IBMPC has a clock rate of 4.77 MHz). By quick calculations, you would be led to believe the Cray is only about 20 times faster that the PC. Obviously, this is not the case. The Cray handles data considerably differently than the PC. The Cray's circuits permit an array of data (known as a 'vector') to be processes as a SINGLE entity. So, where the IBMPC may require several clock cycles to multiply two numbers, the Cray performs everything in one clock cycle. This power is measured in Millions of Floating Point Operations Per Second (MFLOPS) - which is to say the rate at which floating-point operations can be performed. The Cray MFLOPS vary as it does many activities, but a rate of up to 210 MFLOPS (per CPU) can be achieved. The second '2' in the X-MP/22 title refers to the two million 64-bit words (16Mb) of shared central memory. This can be expanded to four million words in the future if the need arises. But it doesn't stop there! The Cray can pipe information back and forth between the CPU memory and the Input/Output Subsystem (IOS). The IOS then takes it upon itself the store the information in any of the four storage devices: i) one of the four 1200 Mb disk drives (at a rate of 5.9Mb every second), ii) one of two standard 200ips 6250bpi tape drives, iii) a Solid State Storage Device (SSD) (which is much like a 128Mb RAM Disk!), or iv) through to a front-end computer (the U of T uses both the IBM4381 and a DEC VAX). These computers would be programmed (usually in FORTRAN) and the information passed onto the Cray. The results would then be transfered back to the front end computers. The 4 year old Cray was bought used from the California NASA research centre where it was used in aerodynamic calculations. This means less cost to buy it and the assurance that it has been 'burned in'. In case you wanted one for yourself, the U of T was able to purchase the Cray for the low-low price of $12 million. Over the next five years, the University predicts the total cost will probably be $25 million when maintenance, staff and other costs are taken into consideration. To help out, the Ontario Government put in $10 million. By doing this, all other Ontario University researchers are assured of access at a reduced cost. By the way, to buy time on the system, it'll cost you $2000 per hour. But Ontario researchers only have to pay 7% of that - $140 per hour. Their first commercial customer is OMNIBUS Graphics of Toronto who plan to use the Cray in the graphic videos. If you saw the movie 'The Last Starfighter', you will have already experienced the graphic capabilites of the Cray (remember the some of the space scenes!). The Cray did all of the calculations required for those scenes and let another graphics computer to do the menial task of drawing the lines and filling with the calculated colour. There is so much to talk about when the word 'Cray' pops to mind! If you are seriously interested in this amazing computer and/or you are interested in purchasing time on the system, please contact the people below: The Centre for Large Scale Computation at the U of T Llyod Parker, Director 978-8255 Facilities Manager Dr. Edmund West 978-4085 Supercomputer User's Group (for University Researchers, etc)

Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Regular Classes Research Proposal

Inclusion of Students with Disabilities in Regular Classes - Research Proposal Example Numerous benefits of the inclusive approach of the government are being advocated that firmly supports the endeavor of government. Correspondingly, it is strongly argued that inclusion approach is closely related to the aspect of social justice and equity. Next, it is also critically argued that with the inclusion approach disable students will be offered with an opportunity to acquire similar attention to that of normal students as well as with the prospect to grow and develop a positive attitude and behavior (ARACY, 2013; Konza, 2008). At the same time, the inclusion of students with disabilities in regular classes is anticipated to ensure that these students are provided with all the basic amenities where they are offered with equal opportunity to enhance their skills and intelligence. Such benefits are argued to change the perception of the people towards the individual with a disability that would ultimately aid in eliminating the social stigma associated with these disabled students. Additionally, it is claimed that the inclusion model will not only provide the students with disability with the opportunity to improve their level of skills and competency but it is also postulated that the model will have profound and positive impact on teachers where they will be able to test their level of skills and ability to provide education to both the normal children as well as the children with disabilities (ARACY, 2013; Konza, 2008). This is indeed argued to serve as an opportunity for professional development for the t eachers in Australia. The report of ARACY (2013) incorporated several existing problems in education for the disabled student in Australia prior to the development of the inclusion model. Notably, each of the territories in Australia has been argued to have different approaches towards educating the students with a disability as well as different methods claimed to use to assess the growth and development of the students with disabilities in school. In addition, the school curriculum for the students with a disability is also contended to differ from region to region.

Cultural Construction of Violence Research Paper

Cultural Construction of Violence - Research Paper Example For long, people have only considered violence as a trait that a person is born with; that one is either born violent or not. This, to many, implies that the proclivity of a person to engage in violent activities is long found in people’s genetics and there is less that can be done to completely eradicate it. This may seem to have some sense of truth in it as there have been cases where a young person may come out to be violent throughout his life. This is often seen with the kind of tenderness that he treats other people with including animals. However, if violence is a trait that one is born with, how can peer-inflicted violence be explained? Though the genetic makeup may have a significant effect on the behavior of a person, there are many questions concerning human violence that can still not be answered only by genetics. Moreover, violence also takes many forms and in different contexts. This implies that the definition of violence varies from one physical location to the other and can never be generalized. This having been taken into account, it is therefore true to say that the interpretations and meanings accorded to violence across societies, cultures and communities have significant effect on the trends of violence recorded in the areas. ... Violence is therefore not only genetically motivated but also structurally formed. The human genetics also have significant on the character and actions of people but violence can as well be culturally constructed. For instance, in intertribal wars undoubtedly involving extreme forms of violence as is the case of the Thull, a Kohistan community, living in the mountain slopes near the borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan, are culturally constructed. Here, the people find pride in engaging in cultural raids and retaliatory attacks that usually involve various forms of violence. This cannot only be explained using genetics as genetics do not provide room for generalization explanation of the acts of violence, more so involving large numbers of people. This makes cultural construction of violence be regarded as a serious form of creation of violent behavior among people. The research focused on the Thull, a Kohistan community. The Kohistanis rely majorly on transhumant pastoralism that in volves keeping goats and sheep. However, they also grow crops in their fertile fields as I found out. The people of Thull have undergone a great religious transformation. This is evident from their transformation from Buddhism, Hinduism and presently Muslims. This has also seen the absorption of other Pakistan members to their culture. However, their cultural effects and implications have mostly originated from the Pakhtum. The Kohistan area is geographically large and has thus been affected by political fragmentation and cultural diversities. Within the Thull Kohistan villages, there are also smaller lineages, of which each produce a representation to the

Rights of Accused Essay Example for Free

Rights of Accused Essay

Proverbs Essay -- Bible Religion

Proverbs: Choice and Discernment, the Two Ways of Living   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In studying the book of Proverbs there is a similar theme of choice and discernment, the teachings of decision-making and the repercussions of your actions. These books are made up of extremes and polar opposites. The dualisms are the rich and poor, the righteous and the wicked, and the wise and the foolish. There is advice given and it is up to the judgment of the person to which category they will fall into. There are two ways of living, and based on the person’s discernment and ultimate choice to which one they will get to live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This paper will focus on Proverbs 10, 12, and 14, Solomon’s Proverbs, to display this theme of choice and discernment. Proverb 10 is an antithetical parallelism, because the second line is opposite of the first. This passage is both observational and didactic. Some of the passages are subtle entities and some are teachings that promote an ideal. â€Å" Wise children make their fathers proud of them; foolish ones bring their mothers grief† (10:1). This first passage is very simple; if you are wise, then you will be good to your parents, the teaching is, do not be foolish. The next passage has great insight, â€Å"wealth you get by dishonesty will do you no good, but honesty can save your life† (10:2). This passage is an ellipsis because it leaves out detail to how exactly honesty can save your life, but it will do you more good than being dishonest. You will be rewarded for choosing to act wisely. â€Å"The Lord will not let good people go hun gry, but he will keep the wicked from getting what they want† (10:3). This passage shows the world as a just world, that God/dess will keep things even keel, even though this is not the case. Things are unfair sometimes, and using observation on personal life experiences, bad things can happen to good people. Although this passage does teach that if you choose to be good, you will be taken care of, and if you choose to be wicked you will not always get what you want. There are two choices here on how to live, good or wicked, and good judgment would be choosing to be good. It encourages again the need for right decision making. These passages lack emotion; they are just a steady flow of advice. They speak of retribution; you will get what’s coming to you. If you choose to be lazy, you will be poor and not achieve any status, if you choose... ... that if you make the right decision, God will help you, he will guide and save you. This maybe the details that are left out of Proverbs, there may not be a need for detail at all. It doesn’t matter what the situation is, don’t be lazy, the out come then will be the help of the Lord. This advice is God/dess’ guidance, it is then up to you which path you will take, what decisions will be made, and which life you choose to live. The Lord can only bring us this far; He/She is unable to help, if we are do not make the right decisions and live righteously.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited Bricker, Daniel P. The Doctrine of the â€Å"Two Ways† in Proverbs. Doctoral candidate in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Old Testament at Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena. 1995. ATLA index. Buttrick, George Arthur. The Interpreter’s Bible, twelve volumes. Abingdon Press,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nashville, 1984.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clifford, Richard J., A Commentary by†¦ Proverbs, The Old Testament Library.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Editorial Advisory Board; James L. Mays, Carol A. Newsom, David I.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Petersen. Westminster John Knox Press, Louisville, Kentucky, 1999. Drane, John. Introducing the Old Testament. Harper & Row, Publishers. San Francisco,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1987.

Children and Screen Time Essay

Every parent wants nothing more then their child to succeed. They want their child to develop and learn with out struggle. In this day in age we have access to so many devices that can help contribute to a child’s success. Many will argue that a device such as a I-pad or mobile device will hinder ones learning. I feel the exact opposite will occur, and the child will gain knowledge. Children develop and learn so much at a very young age. They absorb everything they see and hear. They best learn through touch, sight, and sound. Using a device such as a touch I-pad, or I-phone a child can interact on their level. There are so many Apps available for children of all ages. They will help a child develop at their capability and speed, while learning. I feel they will absorb more knowledge with a educational hands on device rather then TV. Children have to interact and use their brains in order for the App to work. Placing a child in front of a TV to just sit and learn, they do not get the same hands on experience. There will be those arguing that placing a phone or tablet in a child’s arms will cause harm. I do not see that being true, in this day in age we use App’s for everything. Rather at the grocery store, banking, or even schools, most teach with touch devices. I feel that helping your child learn with a hands free device, will only help them in the future.

Describe the Factors to Consider When Promoting Effective Communication

Factors you may need to consider when trying to communicate effectively with others could be their age. If it's a child you will need to simplify your language, get down to their level so that eye contact can be easily made. Be aware of your own posture and body language, while assessing theirs so that you can gauge their emotions, and be able to respond appropriately. It is also important to show that you are listening to the child and looking interested in what they are saying. Sometimes it takes a while for a child to get their sentences out, so if you look bored and uninterested, he/she will be less inclined to carry on with the conversation and it may affect their confidence for when communicating in the future.When communicating with an adult it is slightly different, the language you use will be more complex and the sentences will flow a bit faster. Good eye to eye contact and facial expressions are important to help you convey your message, and to be able to decode their emot ions and feelings. Adults also need to feel valued, so good listening skills are key to effective communication and allowing the other person time to answer before you start talking again, never guess what a person is trying to say.Effective communication isn't just achieved by verbally expressing yourself though. Some organisations use P.E.C.S (Picture Exchange Communication System), exchanging picture and symbols on a board to communicate feelings, choices, wants and needs. This is particularly useful for children with a speech delay, or children with learning difficulties. Photos of the toys/equipment on the front of the boxes and draws tell everyone where to put it all away after use. Or at snack times the children can see the choices available on the board in photo or picture form.Children learn to become more affective communicators through role playing games, either with or without adult participation. Listening to stories and discussing them afterwards with others is greatly beneficial to the child,as they are practicing their listening skills and communicating with each other.Other ways in which adults communicate are trough email, telephone or text message to colleagues. News letters to keep parents informed of general news and updates.When communicating effectively at work with the children, I like to sit on the floor small hair. I like to be at their level, as I feel it can be a bit intimidating to have an adult standing over and talking. My speech will be slower and clearer, I will use simple words and keep sentences short. Usually I try to ask open ended questions to try and encourage the children to talk to me, instead of giving a dead ended answer with yes or no. Involving the parent/career into the conversation is also great, as it helps me to find out more information about the child. Im able to find out their strengths and abilities and better able to provide activities for that individual child's needs.

Free Essays on Masks Of Africa

Masks of Africa: Since the earliest times masks have played an important role in the culture of Africa. Masks have varied in appearance and function. Many masks are associated with religious ceremonies, myth, dance, rituals or are concerned with spirits of the dead, rites, or even curing sickness. The mask has been used by the Africans mainly to solve major human and social problems. When a man wears a mask his identity is hidden and the expression on the mask projects a new identity. If the features on the mask are unnatural such as an abstract from an animal, it will make the mask emit a more effective and dramatic identity. Because the person is wearing a mask the human identity is hidden so the viewer is unsettled, this causes the man wearing the mask to be strange or unpredictable, this leads the viewer to become fascinated so the masked man can deceive the viewer. Masks representing harmful spirits were often used to keep a required balance of power. This type of mask was often associated with secret societies, especially in Africa, which has the greatest variety of masks on Earth. In ancient Egypt priests used masks to represent gods. Masks were also placed upon the face of mummies to keep alive the appearance of the deceased after death or to give a boost to him and his image. Masks use different facial features such as idealizing human features, frightening features, animal features and naturalistic features to give a deeper meaning to what the mask is meant to express. Masks were often used as a form of ranking in villages, for example a mighty warrior who is known to have a lot of strength would be presented with a mask that would describe this type of strength (e.g. a wolf’s mask) whereas the village’s leader would have a distinct mask that no one else has, as a symbol of his power and status in the elite, e.g. (an eagle’s mask). Masks may also be used to help identify the members of a village or tribe by hav... Free Essays on Masks Of Africa Free Essays on Masks Of Africa Masks of Africa: Since the earliest times masks have played an important role in the culture of Africa. Masks have varied in appearance and function. Many masks are associated with religious ceremonies, myth, dance, rituals or are concerned with spirits of the dead, rites, or even curing sickness. The mask has been used by the Africans mainly to solve major human and social problems. When a man wears a mask his identity is hidden and the expression on the mask projects a new identity. If the features on the mask are unnatural such as an abstract from an animal, it will make the mask emit a more effective and dramatic identity. Because the person is wearing a mask the human identity is hidden so the viewer is unsettled, this causes the man wearing the mask to be strange or unpredictable, this leads the viewer to become fascinated so the masked man can deceive the viewer. Masks representing harmful spirits were often used to keep a required balance of power. This type of mask was often associated with secret societies, especially in Africa, which has the greatest variety of masks on Earth. In ancient Egypt priests used masks to represent gods. Masks were also placed upon the face of mummies to keep alive the appearance of the deceased after death or to give a boost to him and his image. Masks use different facial features such as idealizing human features, frightening features, animal features and naturalistic features to give a deeper meaning to what the mask is meant to express. Masks were often used as a form of ranking in villages, for example a mighty warrior who is known to have a lot of strength would be presented with a mask that would describe this type of strength (e.g. a wolf’s mask) whereas the village’s leader would have a distinct mask that no one else has, as a symbol of his power and status in the elite, e.g. (an eagle’s mask). Masks may also be used to help identify the members of a village or tribe by hav...

The Importance of Voting in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Importance of Voting in America - Essay Example If a person votes he is making sure that he wants the government to know which candidate is best according to him or her. In a huge country like United States with a large population a single person's voice can only be heard with the help of voting. Voting enables a people to raise his or her voice or opinion on pending laws, ordinances, and it also enables them to decide who takes charge of the state offices. The second reason is a general reason but is a very big fact. It's the right of every citizen to vote as all the laws, rules and regulation that would be implemented later by the elected party would directly influence the person. It also makes sure that citizens select the people who will be the leaders of their country.Voting makes it impossible for someone or one party to become a monopoly and stay in the office for more than the legal time. Being a citizen of any country and utilizing the resources of that country it's a persons divine right to vote. The third reason for voting is related to the shaping of a persons life according to his vote. It's a universal fact that every person should live the way he or she wants; the only best way to achieve this is by voting.

Porter's five forces models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Porter's five forces models - Essay Example Porter`s five competitive forces include the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers, threat of new entrants, potential substitute products and the level or extent of rivalry among the competitors. The model of five forces can also be used to analyze the bread making industry of the UK (Daft, R. et al 1991). The bread making industry of UK is one of the largest markets of the entire food industry and is worth approximately ?3.4 billion. The UK baking industry is divided into three sectors, large plant bakers which control 78% of the market, the in-store bakeries produce around 17% of bread and the master bakers or the craft bakers produce the remaining which is 7% of the bread produces in UK. These three sectors of the industry are competitive and there is competition within each of these sectors as well which results in a high level of competition in the entire bread making industry of UK. The large plant bakers, for example, include three large plant manufactu res and the largest of these is the Warburtons and together all of these control almost 3/4th of the large plant bakery sector. ... The three main manufactures of bread in UK are Premier foods (Hovis), Allied Bakeries (Kingsmill) and the largest producer, Warburtons. These companies produce 80% of the bread sold in UK and therefore, the level of competition between these industries is also high as they compete to cater to the larger portion of bread market in UK. Another force is threat of substitute products which is also high in this industry. According to the Federation of Bakers, everyday almost 11 million loaves of bread are sold in UK with a total volume of fewer than 4 billion units with a variety of almost 200 different bread products available for the consumers. Therefore, there are a lot of substitute products available for the consumers of this market. As far as the bargaining power of suppliers is concerned, most of the bread sold in this market of UK is produced by local or domestic companies. As there are a number of dominant suppliers in the market (Premier foods, Allied Bakeries, Warburtons), they have a certain level of power over the market as together they control more than half of the market. They can exercise this power by collaborating and dividing the market amongst themselves. As a result, they could even stop new companies to enter the market and could even set prices to earn high profits. Therefore, it is quite difficult for new companies to enter this industry as the market share of the industry has already controlled by the three dominant suppliers. As a result, new entrants would have a limited margin for expansion. Also that they might not be able to compete with these dominant suppliers as they already have positioned themselves

One of the Major EA Frameworks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

One of the Major EA Frameworks - Essay Example to the Zachman Framework is that the same composite issue or item can be explained for diverse reasons in diverse ways using diverse types of descriptions. These descriptions can be for instance textual or graphical (Goldberg, 2008). The Zachman Framework gives the thirty six essential categories for wholly describing everything; especially complex issues such as manufactured products like appliances, constructed structures like buildings and enterprises like the associations and all of its technologies, people and goals. The framework gives six diverse transformations of a theoretical thought, not growing in factors, but transforming from six diverse views. It permits diverse individuals to look at similar issues from diverse views. This sets a holistic perspective of the atmosphere, a vital capability illustrated in the framework design (Goldberg, 2008). In 2001, the Zachman Framework was employed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (USDVA). The required methodology in all aspects of the VA enterprises varied from data, business processes, location, technical, personnel and perspective requirements. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Department of Veterans Affairs planned to execute an architectural project fully based on the Zachman Framework. In 2001, this Framework was used as a reference replica to commence the enterprise architectural planning. Somewhere in between, the Veterans Affair Zachman Framework Portal was created. In addition, the Veterans Affair Framework Portal is still in use as a reference replica for instance in the determination of EA information collected from various businesses and project source documents (Donald 2008). The Zachman Framework has vastly been used as a means of providing structures for Information... This paper researches on Zachman Framework and explains its strengths and weaknesses. The researcher of this essay also includes the framework’s purpose, scope, principles, and the kinds of structures it uses, as appropriate to the framework. The essay also aims to include at least two examples of organizations that have used the framework and briefly discuss them. Views give the mechanism of obtaining information concerning the relationships that are vital in the architecture. Methods state the individuals who organize and gather information. They build the views in a means that helps guarantee the accuracy, integrity and completeness. Experience and training sustains the application of tools and use of varying methods. The Zachman Framework is an EA framework for enterprise architecture. It provides an official and greatly planned way of presenting and defining an enterprise. It has two dimensional sorting matrix based on the connection of six communication phrases. These ph rases are what, why, when, where, how and who with six rows with an agreement to rectify changes. The Zachman Framework is not a methodology. This is because it does not entail any specified process or method of collection, management, or using the data that it explains. This framework is named after its designer John Zachman, who developed the impression in the 80s at IBM. By applying the Zachman Framework to Service Oriented Architecture, the SO architect creates a framework for accepting the connection among the diverse elements of a successful SOA.

Tumor Immunology - The Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Research Paper

Tumor Immunology - The Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages - Research Paper Example Macrophages are multipurpose cells act in response to the stimulus in diverse tumors they release various macromolecules encompassing growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes that potentially control tumor augmentation, tumor angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and tumor metastasis. Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAM) act upon the invasive area where TAMs sway cancer cell motility, they also act on stroma and perivascular areas where they encourage metastasis and play an imperative role in avascular and perinecrotic regions so that hypoxic TAMs accelerate angiogenesis. The present article deals with the role of TAMs in promoting tumor induction and its role as anti-tumor agent and also the role of TAMs in malignancies. It is now established that tumor cells potentially block or elude the actions of TAMs at the site of the tumor. Molecules derived from tumor cells also activate TAM elevate survival as well as the proliferation of tumor cells. On the other hand, TAMs induce tumor angiogenesis through the production of mitogens, growth factors, and enzymes. Monocyte-macrophage lineage cells get polarized activated into M1 and M2 cells. An M1 form of macrophage activation encompasses IFN-ÃŽ ³ based cytokines, GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor), LPS and TNF. They are distinguished by IL-12, IL-23(both high), IL-10 (low) and profuse quantity of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediary and inflammatory cytokines. Whereas M2 is a macrophage activation as a result of IL-4, IL13, IC (Immune complexes), IL-10 as well as glucocorticoid hormones. M2 are involved in Th2 response and perform immunoregulatory functions and plays role in tumor progression.

Cause and effect diagram

Cause and effect diagram What is a Cause-and-Effect Diagram? A cause effect diagram is a simple but very effective tool that helps to identify, sort, and display potential or real causes of a specific problem or quality characteristic. It can also be used to graphically illustrate the relationship between a given outcome and all the factors that influence the outcome. Because of its function of relating causes to their effect, it is referred to as acause-and-effect diagram. It is also called afishbone diagrambecause the design of the diagram looks much like the skeleton of a fish. It is also known asIshikawa diagrambecause it was invented by Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa (1915-1989), a Japanese consultant, and father of the scientific analysis of causes of problems in industrial processes. He first used this diagram in 1943 at Kawasaki Steel Works Cause-and-Effect Diagram is a tool that helps identify, sort, and display possible causes of a specific problem or quality characteristic (Viewgraph 1). It graphically illustrates the relationship between a given outcome and all the factors that influence the outcome. This type of diagram is sometimes called an Ishikawa diagram because it was invented by Kaoru Ishikawa, or a fishbone diagram because of the way it looks. When should a team use a Cause-And-Effect Diagram? Use cause effect diagram when you want: To identify the possible causes or the basic reasons, for a specific effect, problem, or condition. To sort out and relate some of the interactions among the factors affecting a particular process or effect. To analyze existing problems so that corrective action can be taken Constructing a Cause-and-Effect Diagram can help your team when you need to Identify the possible root causes, the basic reasons, for a specific effect, problem, or condition. Sort out and relate some of the interactions among the factors affecting a particular process or effect. Why should we use a Cause-and-Effect Diagram? A cause effect diagram helps to determine the causes of a problem or quality characteristic using a structured approach. It encourages group participation and utilizes team knowledge of the process. It uses an orderly, easy-to-read format to diagram cause-and-effect relationships. It increases knowledge of the process by helping everyone to learn more about the factors at work and how they relate. It indicates possible causes of variation in a process and identifies areas where data should be collected for further study. A Cause-and-Effect Diagram is a tool that is useful for identifying and organizing the known or possible causes of quality, or the lack of it. The structure provided by the diagram helps team members think in a very systematic way. Some of the benefits of constructing a Cause-and-Effect Diagram Helps determine the root causes of a problem or quality characteristic using a structured approach. Encourages group participation and utilizes group knowledge of the process. Uses an orderly, easy-to-read format to diagram cause-and-effect relationships. Indicates possible causes of variation in a process. Increases knowledge of the process by helping everyone to learn more about the factors at work and how they relate. How do we develop a Cause-and-Effect Diagram? When you develop a Cause-and-Effect Diagram, you are constructing a structured, pictorial display of a list of causes organized to show their relationship to a specific effect. Viewgraph 3 shows the basic layout of a Cause-and-Effect Diagram. Notice that the diagram has a cause side and an effect side. The steps for constructing and analyzing a Cause-and-Effect Diagram are outlined below. The application of cause-and-effect diagrams to the evaluation of thermodynamic data from UV-Vis absorption spectroscopic analysis is demonstrated. The contributions of measurement uncertainty identified from a cause-and-effect diagram are implemented into a Monte Carlo procedure based on the threshold bootstrap computer-assisted target factor analysis (TB CAT). This algorithm aims at an improvement of data comparability and accounts for non-normality, spectral, residual and parameter correlation as well as random noise in target factor analysis. The ISO Type-B measurement uncertainties are included into the process by normally distributed random numbers with specified mean values and dispersions. The TB CAT procedure is illustrated by a flow diagram and a case study of Nd(III) complexation by picolinic acid N-oxide (pic NO) in aqueous solution. Using 12 experimental spectra as input data, the single component spectra and the formation constant 1g betaML of the Nd(pic NO)2+ species a re obtained together with the respective probability density distributions. The role of the cause-and-effects approach on the further development of chemical thermodynamics is discussed Identify and clearly define the outcome or EFFECT to be analyzed Decide on the effect to be examined. Effects are stated as particular quality characteristics, problems resulting from work, planning objectives, and the like. Use Operational Definitions. Develop an Operational Definition of the effect to ensure that it is clearly understood. Remember, an effect may be positive (an objective) or negative (a problem), depending upon the issue thats being discussed. Using a positive effect which focuses on a desired outcome tends to foster pride and ownership over productive areas. This may lead to an upbeat atmosphere that encourages the participation of the group. When possible, it is preferable to phrase the effect in positive terms. Focusing on a negative effect can sidetrack the team into justifying why the problem occurred and placing blame. However, it is sometimes easier for a team to focus on what causes a problem than what causes an excellent outcome. While you should be cautious about the fallout that can result from focusing on a negative effect, getting a team to concentrate on things that can go wrong may foster a more relaxed atmosphere and sometimes enhances group participation. Identify, clearly state and agree on the effect or the problem to be analysed. A problem can be defined as a discrepancy between existing and a desired state of affairs. A problem exists when there is a difference between what should be and what is; between the ideal and the actual situation. Identifying a very clearly defined and specific problem is the first critical step to successfully implementing any problem-solving process. A symptom differs from a problem in that the symptom is an evidence of the existence of a problem Place a white board or flipchart where everyone could clearly see it. Draw a box containing the problem or effect to be analyzed, on the right side of the board with a horizontal spine. Add main categories of possible causes of the problem. Causes in a cause effect diagram are frequently arranged into the following categories: The 6 Ms:Machine, Method, Materials, Measurement, Manpower and Mother Nature (Environment) (recommended for manufacturing industry). The 8 Ps: Price, Promotion, People, Processes, Place / Plant, Policies, Procedures Product (recommended for administration and service industries). The 4 Ss: Surroundings, Suppliers, Systems, Skills (recommended for service industries). The Processes: Process 1, Process 2, Process 3 and so on. CAUSE EFFECT DIAGRAMS Cause and effect diagrams are very simple. The basic concept of a cause and effect diagram is to generate a fishbone diagram where all the causes of a problem against the effect (the effect is the fishes head with all the scales of the fish being the causes) Cause and effect diagrams are best generated in brain storming sessions, when you are talking to the operators about making improvements. You can use them to view historical attempts at solving quality issues have worked out, get the operators involved, see if your proposals for improvement will work or not. Cause and effect diagrams are useful; a lot of organizations do use the diagrams on quality control documents such as concession sheets where a cause and effect diagram must be completed every time there is any defective material. These diagrams would then be analyzed on a regular basis, to bring about improvements in product build. FUTURE STATE Develop a future state where you want your business to develop. By mapping the process, we should identify areas for improvement. By looking at rank order we observe further areas for improvements. Using cause and effect diagrams we see what has worked and what has not. The final state is to review and apply all we have learnt to how we get to where we want to be. There are numerous other methods for analyzing your business for improvement, the above examples are for illustration purposes only, please be sure to read other quality publications. Understanding Errors The major underlying principle in all quality management systems, is to understand what causes errors in business and try to rectify and prevent them occurring again. Errors can be attributed to: Poor training, which leads to mis-understanding and lack of perception. Production cycle based upon the use of time saving measures which result in poor product quality. Incorrect procedures covering the entire production cycle, rather than specific processes. Employee intentional action (as a result of poor labour relations, motivation, etc). What quality systems aim to achieve by a reduction in errors: Proper identification of production process. Understanding how errors arise, and what could happen. Put measures in place to prevent the errors occurring again. Having unstable processes in the production cycle leads to high levels of non-conforming material, which in itself leads to greater waste in the work place and lack of teamwork. Extensions to this are that your business will find itself having little or no direction, reduced profits due and lots of angry customers. REFERENCES: Brassard, M. (1988). The Memory Jogger, A Pocket Guide of Tools for Continuous Improvement, pp. 24 29. Methuen, MA: GOAL/QPC. Department of the Navy (November 1992). Fundamentals of Total Quality Leadership (Instructor Guide), pp. 6-25 6-29. San Diego, CA: Navy Personnel Research and Development Center.. Ishikawa, Kaoru (1968). Guide to Quality Control. Tokyo, Japan: Asian Productivity Organization. U.S. Air Force (Undated). Process Improvement Guide Total Quality Tools for Teams and Individuals, p. 33. Air Force Electronic Systems Center, Air Force Materiel Command.

hannibal :: essays research papers

When Hannibal was nine he went with his father on the to conquer Spain. Before starting, the kid swore to hate Rome. In two years he conquered all Spain between the Tagus and Iberus rivers. The Romans branded this attack a violation of the existing treaty between Rome and Carthage and demanded that Carthage surrender Hannibal to them. On the refusal of the Carthaginians to do so, the Romans declared war on Carthage, so because of that they precipitated in the Second Punic War. The march on Rome began Hannibal left Spain with an army of about 40,000, including cavalry and a lot of elephants carrying baggage and later used in battle. He traversed the Alps in 15 days, beset by snowstorms, landslides, and the attacks of hostile mountain tribes. After recruiting additional men and invaded the Roman provinces. Then Rome sent to oppose Hannibal. Avoiding any decisive encounter with the Carthaginian troops, they nevertheless succeeded in keeping Hannibal at bay, and giving the Romans the op portunity to recover from their military reverses. Hannibal wintered at Gerontium, and then he took up a position at Cannae on the Aufidus River. There he almost completely annihilated a Roman army of more than 50,000 men. Carthaginian losses were about 6700 men. After the Battle of Cannae, the character of the war underwent a change. Hannibal needed reinforcements, which the Carthaginian government refused to give, and he also lacked weapons. He marched on Naples, but failed to take the city. The gates of Capua, one of the Italian cities that had fallen to Hannibal in consequence of his victory at Cannae, were opened to him. then Hannibal attempted to take Rome, but the Romans successfully maintained their fixed positions. The Romans then retook Capua. After four years of inconclusive fighting, Hannibal turned for aid to his brother Hasdrubal, who forthwith marched from Spain. Hasdrubal, however, was surprised, defeated, and slain by the Roman consul Gaius Claudius Nero in the Batt le of the Metauro River. After 15 years, and with Hannibal’s army getting smaller and smaller he was recalled to Africa to direct the defense of his country against a Roman invasion When he got there his raw troops fled, many deserting to the Romans, and his veterans were cut down.

Philosophers skepticism Essay

Skepticism, which derives from the Greek word skeptesthai, is the philosophical outlook that declares knowing anything with assurance is impossible. This term can also signify an unwillingness to accept anything without sufficient proof. Skepticism originated in the 5th century BC in Greece when certain philosophers began to express their doubts about how certain they could be about the knowledge they obtained and lived by. These philosophers include Protagoras of Abdera (480-411 BC) and Gorgias (485-380 BC), whom both showed skepticism about the world and how it is perceived. Protagoras is reported to have said that, â€Å"man is the measure of all things† Moore and Bruder (2005). He meant that each person’s opinions are different, so what is true for one person may not be for another person. Gorgias has said â€Å"nothing exists; if anything does exist, it cannot be known; if anything exists and can be known, it cannot be communicated† Moore and Bruder (2005). Gorgias’s theory was self explanatory; nothing exists and even if it did, it cannot be communicated. Therefore, there is no real proof that something exists at all. The history of Skepticism has three predominate periods: the pre-Academic, the Academic and the post Academic. The pre Academic period started with Pyrrho, who was from the western side of the Greek Pelopnnesus, Elis. He believed that true reality is unknown so judgments should not be made by anyone. Pyrrho was like Socrates because he never kept a record of his philosophy in writing. For that reason, most information regarding Pyrrho comes from his pupil’s writings, Timon. Pyrrho preferred to provide his followers with tools to live a commendable life, which included peaceful living according to the laws during his time. Pyrrho also believed that the five senses are contradictory of one another when referred to nature and essence. For example, when a person tastes honey, is the sweetness in the honey or in that person? This question is raised because what tastes good to one person may be tasteless to another. Certain foods may also look tasty but have a bitter taste (diCarlo, 2009). In these particular instances, the five senses are contradictory of one another. Pyrrho and Timon both believed that the conflicting suppositions regarding nature are impossible to decide since valid arguments can be made for each side. The Academic period began after the death of Socrates, when Plato started The Academy, a school of philosophy located in Athens. Academic skeptics introduced two important elements to skepticism: the first included developing an organized attack toward doctrinaire positions, including the metaphysics of Plato; the second included the development of rules and vocabulary to cope and interact with their experiences. One of the first Academic skeptics was Arcesilaus (315 BCE-240 BCE), who was the leader of Plato’s Academy. He channeled his energy toward the Stoics, who believed certain views are self evidently true, therefore, they cannot be doubted. The Post-Academic Skeptics included Aenesidemus and Sextus Empiricus. Aenesidemus developed the tropoi (10 modes of skepticism), â€Å"a set of skeptical argument forms, or modes, to show that judgment must be withheld on any issue. † These 10 modes of skepticism ranged from perception differences to cultural differences, and allowed a skeptic to criticize any metaphysical doctrine (diCarlo, 2009). Sextus created Empiricus’s Outlines of Pyrrhonism, which, described a school of thought which was named after the philosopher Pyrrho of Elis (c. 365-275 B. C. )†( Sextus Empiricus’s Outlines of Pyrrhonism, 2006). In the world today, skepticism is a part of human nature. Most people raise doubt because of inexperience or bad experiences from their past. Some individuals, like law enforcement officers and judges, are forced to be skeptical everyday due to their occupations. Critical decisions have a lasting effect on their lives, and the lives of those they are associated with during work. Law enforcement officers put their lives on the line everyday so skepticism is necessary to survive. Police officers are required to be doubtful because they could become vulnerable or naive if they allow others to fool them. Simply pulling someone over for a traffic violation could turn fatal if the officers do not think critically and take certain safety measures. Although the officer may have intentions on just writing the person a citation, they might feel threatened and become violent. Judges are also faced with skepticism on a daily basis because there are two sides of the story, and the judge makes the decisions. The judge has to make the right choice and determine who is being honest based on evidence and their experience. Skepticism plays a major role because the judges are usually familiar with the body language and gestures made by someone who is guilty, so they become skeptical of their behavior. Overall, society displays skepticism about the smallest things because bad experiences or gullibility. References Moore, Brooke N. , & Bruder, Kenneth. (2005). Philosophy: The Power of Ideas (6th ed. ). McGraw-Hill Companies. PhilosophyOnline (2009). A Brief History of Scepticism. PhilosophyOnline. co. uk. Retrieved July 24, 2009, from http://www. philosophyonline. co. uk/tok/scepticism8. htm Sextus Empiricus’s Outlines of Pyrrhonism (2006). Alex Scott. Retrieved July 24, 2009, from http://www. angelfire. com/md2/timewarp/skepticism. html The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2006). Aenesidemus (1st Cn. CE). The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved July 24, 2009, from http://www. iep. utm. edu/a/aeneside. htm

Language as a Powerful Mind Control Weapon Essay

Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) is a classic dystopian novel by English author George Orwell. Akin to the latter’s earlier work, Animal Farm (1945), Nineteen Eighty-Four is a cautionary tale about the dangers of totalitarianism. The novel’s main character, Winston Smith, is a civil servant tasked with disseminating government propaganda through the forging of records and political literature. Disillusioned with such a mechanistic existence, Smith begins an uprising against the regime – a move which later resulted in his incarceration and torture. The esteem of Nineteen Eighty-Four can be attributed mainly to its frank and vivid portrayal of the perpetuation of the status quo at the expense of individual rights (Gearon 65). Many of the novel’s terminologies and ideas, such as â€Å"doublethink,† â€Å"Orwellian,† â€Å"Newspeak† and â€Å"Big Brother,† eventually acquired secure places in the English language (Trahair 289). At present, some thinkers even use these expressions and concepts to criticize repressive government policies. The term â€Å"Orwellian,† for instance, is currently an idiom that refers to any form of normalcy that closely resembles the Party (Cameron 151). One of Orwell’s major arguments in the novel is that language is the totalitarian government’s most powerful weapon of mind control. Through the usage of deceptive language and propaganda, as well as the modification of language, the Party was able to manipulate the thoughts and beliefs of the citizens of Oceania. Newspeak was the Party’s primary means of misleading the citizens of Oceania (Thomas, Singh, Peccei, Jones and Wareing 39). It was a corrupted form of Standard English (known in the novel as Oldspeak) that reflected the principles of Ingsoc. â€Å"Undesirable† words were eliminated from the lingua franca, while those that were retained were stripped of â€Å"unorthodox† denotations (Ji 1). Consequently, it became impossible to develop other modes of thought in Newspeak (Orwell 144). Newspeak was more than just a language – it was the â€Å"(embodiment) of the totalitarian (mindset) of the Party members† (Gerovitch 12). To accommodate alternate views would increase the possibility of encountering â€Å"heretical† thoughts (Gerovitch 13). It is no longer surprising, therefore, if the Party required all inhabitants of Oceania to use Newspeak – doing so was a very convenient way of indoctrinating them with Ingsoc beliefs. The immense power of language to control the mind is not a fictional phenomenon. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (n. d. ) argued that language determined how human beings perceived their environment (Thomas, Singh, Peccei, Jones and Wareing 39). This assumption is composed of two parts – linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism. Linguistic relativity theorized that the languages of different cultures do not necessarily have equivalent systems of representation. Linguistic determinism, meanwhile, asserted that a language not only reflected certain aspects of reality but also influenced the speaker’s thought process (Thomas, Singh, Peccei, Jones and Wareing 25). It would be fair to say that the premise behind the development and usage of Newspeak was based on the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. In the novel’s appendix, it is revealed that Ingsoc was originally known as English Socialism (Orwell 143). But during the time of English Socialism, people spoke Standard English. Consequently, they were exposed to radical ideas that inspired them to turn against the Party (Ji 1). In retaliation, the Party silenced them through punishment and terror (Ji 1). The Party eventually viewed the period of English Socialism as one that was characterized with violence and lawlessness. Standard English, meanwhile, was regarded as a relic of an anarchic past that must be discarded at all costs. The Party even set a year in which they expected Standard English to be already nonexistent – 2050 (Orwell 143). In the appendix of the novel, Orwell wrote the Party’s ultimate dream – a society wherein everyone accepted the official ideology even without the threat of punishment and terror (Ji 1). This was only possible, however, if they had no access to subversive ideas. It must be noted that in the context of the novel, Standard English was regarded as the source of dissident concepts. The Party therefore realized that Standard English must be replaced with a singular and specially contrived language – Newspeak. When people spoke, heard, read and wrote only in Newspeak, they could be kept under control even without outright state persecution (Ji 1). Newspeak was the official language of Oceania and had been devised to meet the ideological needs of Ingsoc, or English Socialism. In the year 1984 there was not as yet anyone who used Newspeak as his sole means of communication, either in speech or writing. The leading articles in The Times were written in it, but this was a tour de force which could only be carried out by a specialist. It was expected that Newspeak would have finally superseded Oldspeak (or Standard English, as we should call it) by about the year 2050. (143) The purpose of Newspeak was not only to provide a medium of expression for the (worldview) and mental habits proper to the devotees of Ingsoc, but to make all other modes of thought impossible. It was intended that when Newspeak had been adopted once and for all and Oldspeak forgotten, a heretical thought – that is, a thought diverging from the principles of Ingsoc – should be literally unthinkable, at least so far as thought is dependent on words. Its vocabulary was so constructed as to give exact and often very subtle expression to every meaning that a Party member could properly wish to express, while excluding all other meanings and also the possibility of arriving at them by indirect methods. This was done partly by the invention of new words, but chiefly by eliminating undesirable words and by stripping such words as remained of unorthodox meanings, and so far as possible of all secondary meanings whatever. To give a single example. The word free still existed in Newspeak, but it could only be used in such statements as â€Å"This dog is free from lice† or â€Å"This field is free from weeds. † It could not be used in its old sense of â€Å"politically free† or â€Å"intellectually free† since political and intellectual freedom no longer existed even as concepts, and were therefore of necessity nameless. (144) A person growing up with Newspeak as his sole language would no more know that equal had once had the secondary meaning of â€Å"politically equal,† or that free had once meant â€Å"intellectually free,† than for instance, a person who had never heard of chess would be aware of the secondary meanings attaching to queen and rook. There would be many crimes and errors which it would be beyond his power to commit, simply because they were nameless and therefore unimaginable. (148-149) This ambition, however, was not without serious consequences. The individual rights of the people of Oceania were severely violated. They constantly lived in fear of government reprisal – landscapes across London were bombarded with posters of â€Å"Big Brother† with the caption â€Å"Big Brother is Watching You† (Orwell 1). Two-way television sets – telescreens – were installed in all homes and public establishments in order to monitor the populace for any sign of subversive activity (thoughtcrime). Worse, the Party encouraged everyone to spy on one another. Even children were ordered to report their parents to the authorities (Thought Police) if they caught them committing a thoughtcrime. Winston Smith was among those who paid the ultimate price. Upon his arrest, he was taken to the Ministry of Love, where he was subjected to electroshock torture. Winston was afterwards taken to the infamous Room 101, where a prisoner was tortured by being exposed to his or her greatest fear. Winston’s primal fear was rats – he was therefore tortured by having a wire cage full of starving rats brought near to his face. Petrified, Winston finally accepts Party ideology and was later released as a brainwashed individual. Sadly, it is obvious that Orwell’s warning in Nineteen Eighty-Four went unheeded. At present, there are still so many societies wherein people are stripped of their basic rights and liberties. What is more saddening is that some of the parties who are guilty of this wrongdoing are actually claiming that they are staunch advocates of freedom, justice and equality. They use elaborate propaganda to proclaim their â€Å"advocacy† while acting in a completely opposite manner. The Party used language in order to keep the people of Oceania silent, ignorant and oppressed. In doing so, the former proved that evil prospers where good is silent. Orwell, on the other hand, used words in order to expose and fight this atrocity. In doing so, he proved that the pen is mightier than the sword. Works Cited Cameron, Deborah. Verbal Hygiene. New York: Routledge, 1995. Gearon, Liam. Freedom of Expression and Human Rights: Historical, Literary and Political Contexts. Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press, 2006. Gerovitch, Slava. From Newspeak to Cyberspeak: A History of Soviet Cybernetics. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2004. Ji, Fengyuan. Linguistic Engineering: Language and Politics in Mao’s China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2004. Orwell, George. Nineteen Eighty-Four. n. p. : n. d. Thomas, Linda, Ishtla Singh, Jean Stilwell Peccei, Jason Jones, and Shan Wareing. Language, Society and Power: An Introduction. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2004. Trahair, R. C. S. Utopia and Utopians: A Historical Dictionary. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999.